
When it comes to employee performance, timing can be as impactful as the incentive itself. Neuroscience shows that rewards delivered promptly after achieving a goal can significantly boost motivation and productivity. Here's why this matters:
To optimise performance:
The key takeaway: It’s not just about how much you reward, but when you do it. Timely, data-driven strategies can energise employees, improve retention, and drive sustained success.
Incentive timing psychology delves into how the timing of rewards, not just their size, shapes human behaviour by influencing the immediate connection between actions and outcomes. Unlike traditional compensation models that focus primarily on the type or amount of reward, this concept explores how the brain responds differently based on when rewards are delivered.
At its core, this field highlights an important insight: smaller, immediate rewards often have a greater impact on performance than larger, delayed ones. The reason lies in how the brain forms stronger links between actions and their outcomes when the time gap is minimal. For instance, sales professionals who receive real-time updates on their commissions tend to perform better than those who wait for monthly statements, even if the total payout remains the same.
Research in behavioural economics and neuroscience consistently demonstrates that immediate feedback strengthens neural pathways, encouraging employees to repeat desirable behaviours. This understanding becomes especially relevant in India's diverse work environment, where timing strategies need to align with varying regional and generational expectations. These insights lay the groundwork for appreciating how behavioural psychology shapes the effectiveness of reward timing.
Behavioural psychology shows that timely positive feedback reinforces desired actions, while delayed rewards risk losing their connection to the original effort. The principle of operant conditioning emphasises that behaviours followed by immediate positive consequences are more likely to be repeated - an essential consideration for designing effective compensation feedback systems.
Intrinsic motivation also benefits from well-timed rewards. When incentives are delayed, they can feel disconnected from the effort, potentially undermining internal drive. On the other hand, rewards delivered at the right moment validate the effort and enhance intrinsic motivation, creating a powerful synergy between internal and external drivers.
Theories like Herzberg's two-factor model and Maslow's hierarchy of needs further illustrate how timely rewards cater to different motivational triggers at various career stages. For instance, early-career professionals often respond strongly to immediate financial rewards, while senior employees may prioritise timely recognition or opportunities for advancement over delayed monetary bonuses.
The concept of variable ratio reinforcement sheds light on why unpredictable yet frequent rewards can be more motivating than predictable incentives. This is why some organisations are adopting dynamic, performance-based rewards that are triggered by achievement milestones, delivered at varying intervals to maintain engagement.
Building on these motivational theories, it's clear that delays in reward delivery can significantly diminish their perceived value. This phenomenon, known as temporal discounting, suggests that employees mentally devalue rewards the longer they have to wait for them.
Importantly, this isn’t just about impatience - it’s tied to how memory and emotion interact. Immediate rewards create vivid "peak-end experiences", which employees remember more strongly and associate directly with their performance. The recency effect further supports this, as recent experiences tend to carry more weight in shaping perceptions than distant ones.
Timing also plays a role in loss aversion. When employees expect immediate feedback but face delays, they perceive this as a loss rather than just a deferred gain. This psychological shift can reduce the eventual impact of the reward, even if its value remains the same.
The goal gradient effect offers another perspective: people tend to work harder as they get closer to achieving a goal. Timely interim rewards create multiple "finish lines", helping sustain motivation during long-term projects. Without these checkpoints, employees may experience dips in motivation, especially during extended sales cycles.
In today’s fast-paced work environment, shorter attention spans and a growing demand for instant feedback have reshaped expectations. Incentive timing psychology must adapt to these changing dynamics while balancing practical business constraints and budget considerations. By understanding these principles, organisations can design reward systems that not only drive performance but also align with modern workplace realities.
The brain's reward system operates like a finely tuned clock, where the timing of incentives is just as critical as their nature. This neurological insight sheds light on why the timing of rewards can significantly influence employee engagement strategies. The brain processes rewards through intricate neural pathways that shape both immediate actions and long-term motivation.
When employees expect feedback tied to rewards, specific neural circuits in their brains activate, influencing behaviour in the moment while also shaping future motivation. This explains why two identical bonuses can yield drastically different results depending solely on when they are delivered. Human brains are wired to favour a close connection between actions and their outcomes, making the timing of rewards a key driver of workplace motivation. This understanding opens the door to exploring the neurochemical processes that underpin this effect.
Studies highlight that the brain's sensitivity to reward timing has a measurable impact on employee engagement and performance. These neural processes, operating below conscious awareness, are the unseen forces driving workplace productivity and job satisfaction.
Dopamine, a key neurotransmitter, acts as the brain's messenger for rewards. Interestingly, dopamine levels spike not just when rewards are received, but also when they are anticipated. The timing of this anticipation phase plays a significant role in how the brain reinforces desired behaviours, a process known as reinforcement learning.
Neuroscientists have identified a "prediction error" signal in the dopamine system. When rewards arrive sooner than expected, dopamine surges, strengthening the neural connections associated with the behaviour. Conversely, delayed rewards lead to lower dopamine levels, weakening those connections.
This phenomenon explains why sales teams often perform better when they receive real-time commission updates rather than waiting for monthly statements. Immediate feedback creates stronger associations between actions (like closing a sale) and their rewards, enhancing motivation and reinforcing behaviours more effectively.
The brain also assigns greater value to rewards that are either high in quality or delivered promptly. Immediate, high-quality rewards trigger more robust dopamine responses, making them far more effective in driving sustained improvements in performance. This dopamine boost lays the groundwork for stronger neural reinforcement, which is critical for maintaining motivation.
The timing of feedback directly influences how the brain processes rewards, leading to noticeable differences in workplace performance. Immediate feedback activates the brain's reward circuits more intensely, resulting in higher motivation, quicker learning, and greater engagement. Employees who receive prompt compensation or recognition show stronger neural responses, which translate into better performance outcomes.
On the other hand, delayed feedback weakens the brain's response to rewards, reducing their perceived value and motivational impact. This is due to a phenomenon called temporal discounting, where the brain's activation diminishes as the gap between an action and its reward increases. For instance, a bonus given immediately after hitting a target is likely to be more effective than a larger bonus delivered weeks later.
Interestingly, partial reinforcement - rewarding certain behaviours intermittently - can sustain motivation over a longer period. The unpredictability of rewards keeps the brain engaged, creating a persistent drive to perform.
Research also indicates that while engagement often dips temporarily after incentive periods end, it tends to return to or even surpass baseline levels over time. This suggests that well-timed incentives can have lasting positive effects on performance, even after the rewards themselves are no longer present.
The brain's reward system underscores the importance of designing incentive programs that prioritise immediacy and consistency. Factors such as the difficulty of tasks and the size of incentives can also influence engagement patterns after rewards are given. This reflects the brain's constant effort to balance effort and reward expectations when processing feedback.
These neurological insights highlight the need for aligning reward strategies with the brain's natural processes to achieve the best results in workplace motivation and performance.
The timing of incentives plays a pivotal role in shaping employee motivation by syncing rewards with natural behavioural patterns. This approach goes beyond simply linking rewards to targets; it focuses on delivering them at moments that maximise their impact on performance. When compensation feedback aligns with these natural cycles, it creates a positive reinforcement loop, sustaining high levels of motivation. On the flip side, poorly timed rewards can disrupt the brain's reward systems, leading to diminished enthusiasm.
A key consideration is tailoring feedback frequency to the nature of the work and individual preferences. For instance, sales professionals often thrive on immediate recognition after closing deals, while research teams may respond better to milestone-based rewards tied to project phases. The psychological triggers and goal structures vary across roles, influencing how effectively rewards drive performance.
Motivation spans both short-term tasks and long-term career aspirations. Well-timed rewards can create a consistent cycle of reinforcement, supporting high performance across both horizons.
Real-time feedback mechanisms can energise employees by creating a constant cycle of motivation. For example, when a sales representative sees their commission update immediately after closing a deal, it reinforces the link between effort and reward, activating the brain's dopamine pathways and boosting engagement.
Periodic rewards, on the other hand, serve a different purpose. They build anticipation over longer periods, which can sustain motivation through extended projects or cycles. The key lies in balancing these approaches - real-time feedback satisfies the need for instant gratification, while periodic rewards maintain long-term engagement.
Studies in performance psychology suggest that real-time compensation feedback leads to higher employee engagement compared to relying solely on periodic updates. Immediate visibility into earnings fosters a sense of control and accomplishment, which drives greater effort and results.
Different industries may require unique timing strategies. For instance, manufacturing setups often benefit from shift-based feedback systems, whereas technology firms might find sprint-based rewards more effective. Aligning feedback timing with the natural rhythms of work and goal achievement is crucial for maximising its impact.
Striking this balance is essential, as mistimed rewards can undermine their motivational benefits.
One of the most damaging errors in incentive timing is inconsistent feedback delivery. When employees cannot anticipate when they’ll receive updates on their compensation, it disrupts their ability to form strong reward associations, creating uncertainty and lowering motivation.
Delaying rewards also weakens their impact. For example, if a sales bonus is paid months after a deal is closed, the connection between the reward and the action fades, reducing its reinforcement effect.
Over-rewarding is another subtle but significant issue. If every minor action is met with immediate compensation, employees may become desensitised to rewards - a phenomenon known as reward inflation. This diminishes the overall motivational effect, making rewards less impactful over time.
Additionally, mixing delayed negative feedback with immediate rewards can create cognitive dissonance, undermining motivation. Corrective feedback requires as much thought in its timing as positive reinforcement does.
Lastly, adopting a one-size-fits-all timing strategy can be counterproductive. Some employees may prefer daily updates, while others find weekly or monthly feedback more motivating. Ignoring these individual differences can significantly reduce the effectiveness of an incentive programme.
Effective incentive programmes avoid these pitfalls by establishing clear, consistent timing protocols while allowing flexibility for individual preferences. Predictable reward cycles help employees form strong expectations, leading to sustained motivation and improved performance.
The success of any incentive programme often hinges on when rewards are delivered. Timing incentives to match moments of peak motivation or to counter dips in enthusiasm can significantly boost performance and maintain momentum over time.
To identify these optimal windows, it’s crucial to understand both the psychological rhythms of employees and the cycles of the business. Research into incentive timing reveals that certain moments make individuals more receptive to rewards. When timed right, even the same incentive can have a much stronger impact.
Motivation tends to follow predictable patterns. For instance, in long sales cycles, enthusiasm often dips during the middle stages, only to surge as deadlines approach. Well-designed incentives leverage these natural patterns rather than fighting against them, ensuring rewards are delivered when they’re most effective.
By tapping into the brain’s responsiveness to reward timing, organisations can strategically plan when to deliver incentives. Below, we explore how aligning rewards with key milestones and using the goal gradient effect can amplify their impact.
Breaking down long-term goals into smaller, actionable milestones is an effective way to keep motivation high throughout extended cycles. When employees are tasked with quarterly or annual targets, the gap between effort and reward can feel too wide, weakening the incentive’s impact. Milestone-based rewards bridge this gap by offering recognition for interim achievements.
For example, in a long sales cycle, instead of waiting to reward employees only after a deal closes, companies can incentivise progress at various stages - such as generating qualified leads, submitting proposals, or advancing contract negotiations. This approach combats temporal discounting - the tendency to devalue rewards that are perceived as distant in time.
The key is to maintain a visible connection between daily efforts and upcoming rewards. Smaller rewards for early-stage milestones acknowledge progress, while larger rewards for later stages reflect the increased effort and value delivered. This creates a sense of escalating investment, keeping employees engaged as they move closer to larger objectives.
Timing milestone rewards around natural energy cycles can also enhance their impact. For many teams, mid-month or mid-quarter rewards work well to reignite motivation after the initial enthusiasm has worn off but before the final push begins.
Another powerful approach is to leverage the goal gradient effect - a psychological phenomenon where motivation and effort intensify as individuals near their goals. This effect creates natural performance peaks that well-timed incentives can amplify.
Short-term incentives are particularly effective during periods of urgency, such as the final stretch to meet quarterly or annual targets . Employees are naturally more driven during these moments, and additional rewards can further heighten their focus and output. Recognising when teams enter this acceleration phase allows organisations to provide the right boost at the right time.
To sustain motivation throughout longer cycles, shorter-term goals can be layered within broader campaigns. For instance, monthly competitions during a quarterly sales drive can create multiple motivation peaks, ensuring consistent performance rather than a last-minute rush.
Timing payouts effectively is another consideration when using the goal gradient effect. While rewards are most impactful near goal completion, practical factors like cash flow management may require companies to stagger or delay payouts. Immediate recognition of achievements, however, can still provide the psychological boost employees need, even if the financial reward comes later .
Personalisation can take this strategy even further. Advanced systems can track individual performance patterns, identifying whether an employee needs a mid-cycle push or thrives on end-of-cycle urgency. By tailoring incentive timing to these patterns, organisations can maximise the impact for each person.
Visual progress tracking also plays a critical role in amplifying the goal gradient effect. Dashboards that display real-time progress - such as percentage of target achieved, remaining goals, or potential earnings - make rewards feel more immediate and tangible. This visibility can trigger motivation earlier in the cycle, encouraging sustained effort.
Finally, the frequency of goal cycles matters. Monthly targets, for example, provide twelve motivation peaks per year, while annual goals offer just one. By layering short- and long-term goals, organisations can ensure employees experience regular bursts of motivation while still working toward larger objectives.
Building on earlier discussions about neuroscience and motivation, the practical application of incentive timing psychology takes these theories into the real world. Success requires not just understanding the concepts but also crafting structured approaches that can adapt to different teams and evolving business needs. Organisations that excel in this area use a mix of data insights and tailored strategies to create feedback systems that consistently drive high performance.
The best incentive designs consider individual behaviours, team dynamics, and the rhythms of business cycles. Companies that find this balance often achieve higher engagement and more predictable results.
Real-time dashboards have changed how organisations approach incentive timing. These tools provide instant visibility into performance trends and motivation cycles. For sales reps, seeing their progress updated in real-time creates a continuous feedback loop, keeping them engaged even during longer performance periods.
Advanced analytics take this further by tracking individual responses to incentives. For instance, some employees thrive with weekly micro-rewards, while others are more motivated by monthly recognition. By analysing historical performance, engagement data, and payout responses, organisations can uncover these preferences.
Predictive analytics adds another layer by forecasting when team members might hit motivation slumps. By examining factors like deal pipeline stages, past performance patterns, and seasonal trends, systems can trigger targeted incentives before motivation dips.
For distributed teams, behavioural nudging through data tools has been particularly effective. Smart systems send tailored updates, celebrate milestones, or deliver reminders at times when employees are most likely to be receptive. These personalised nudges amplify their motivational impact.
However, data alone isn’t enough. Managers must interpret these insights through the lens of their team’s unique dynamics. While tools reveal trends, aligning them with individual and team needs is what drives scalable success.
Scaling personalised incentives requires balancing individual customisation with organisational consistency.
Individual performance profiling plays a key role in this. By tracking how employees react to different timing strategies, organisations can create personalised incentive calendars. Aligning these calendars with behavioural patterns strengthens the connection between effort and reward, a cornerstone of effective incentive timing.
Industry expertise becomes critical when scaling personalisation. For example, pharmaceutical sales teams, which often deal with longer decision cycles, need different timing strategies compared to fast-moving consumer goods sales. Similarly, BFSI teams may require incentives tied to regulatory reporting periods or compliance cycles.
Regional differences also matter. Teams operating across time zones or cultural contexts may respond differently to the same incentive timing. Effective strategies consider local holidays, preferences for recognition, and regional business cycles.
Role-based timing templates offer a practical solution, striking a balance between personalisation and standardisation. For instance:
Technology platforms enable this kind of personalisation at scale. Features like automated workflows, customisable notifications, and flexible payout schedules allow organisations to manage diverse timing preferences efficiently. However, fairness remains critical. Clear guidelines and transparent criteria ensure that personalisation doesn’t lead to perceptions of bias. Regular audits can help identify and address any unintended disparities.
Implementing personalised timing strategies also requires effective change management. Employees need training to understand how the system works, why timing matters, and how their preferences are incorporated. Managers play a crucial role in supporting this approach, ensuring alignment and providing guidance.
Finally, measuring the success of these strategies is essential. Sophisticated tracking systems can attribute performance changes to specific timing interventions. This data is invaluable for refining algorithms and improving outcomes over time.
Understanding the neuroscience and behavioural insights behind incentive timing is just the beginning. The true test lies in its impact on business outcomes. Organisations must adopt structured frameworks to assess whether their compensation strategies are effectively driving peak performance. Measuring the return on investment (ROI) of incentive timing goes beyond surface-level analyses; it requires a multi-dimensional approach that blends data-driven metrics with employee-driven insights.
Tracking the right metrics is essential for understanding the effectiveness of incentive timing strategies. Here are some critical areas to focus on:
Employee engagement scores offer a clear lens into how well-timed rewards influence motivation and commitment. By using pulse surveys conducted before and after timing adjustments, organisations can gauge immediate changes in engagement. For example, a University of Chicago study revealed that engagement initially dipped after a temporary incentive ended but eventually returned to or exceeded baseline levels. This underscores the importance of monitoring engagement over time, not just in the immediate aftermath of an incentive period.
Retention rates provide another valuable measure of success. Analysing voluntary turnover data before and after changes in reward timing can indicate whether these adjustments help retain top talent. Timely recognition often has the greatest impact on high performers and high-potential employees, making retention metrics particularly insightful for assessing the effectiveness of timing strategies.
Productivity improvements deliver concrete evidence of the business impact of timing adjustments. Metrics like output per employee, project completion rates, and error rates can help establish direct links between timing strategies and performance outcomes. For sales teams, key indicators might include conversion rates, deal velocity, and quota attainment, while manufacturing teams could look at production efficiency and safety metrics. A 2016 study during the U.S. winter holiday season demonstrated how strategic, time-limited incentives boosted participation rates, particularly among less affluent groups, without negatively impacting overall response rates.
Cost-benefit analysis ties all these metrics together. This involves comparing the total investment in incentives - such as bonus payouts and administrative costs - against measurable outcomes like reduced hiring costs, improved customer satisfaction, and fewer operational errors. Advanced analytics platforms can further break down these metrics by department, role, geography, and demographics, offering a granular view of what works best for different segments of the workforce.
Once these metrics are established, organisations must focus on continuous refinement to ensure their strategies remain effective and aligned with evolving business needs.
Measuring ROI isn’t a one-time exercise; it demands ongoing evaluation and adjustment. Here are some methods for continuous improvement:
A/B testing is one of the most reliable ways to assess the impact of timing strategies. By assigning similar teams to different timing approaches, organisations can isolate the effects of timing while controlling for other variables. This allows for a direct comparison of what works and what doesn’t.
Employee feedback loops provide qualitative insights that complement hard data. Anonymous surveys, one-on-one check-ins, and focus groups can reveal how employees perceive timing changes and what might improve their effectiveness. Creating structured, ongoing feedback channels - such as digital suggestion platforms or regular team meetings - ensures a steady flow of insights. Acting transparently on this feedback builds trust and encourages employee participation in improvement efforts.
Iterative programme adjustments ensure that timing strategies evolve in response to data and feedback. This might mean tweaking payout frequencies, revising milestone triggers, or tailoring timing to suit different roles or performance levels. Predictive analytics can further enhance these efforts by identifying optimal timing windows based on historical data, seasonal trends, and individual performance patterns.
Regular programme audits help organisations identify potential issues, such as unintended disparities across demographic groups. These reviews ensure that timing strategies remain equitable and effective across a diverse workforce.
To make this process manageable, technology platforms with real-time dashboards and automated reporting can play a pivotal role. These tools flag anomalies, track engagement trends, and generate actionable insights, reducing the need for manual analysis and enabling organisations to focus on strategic adjustments.
The way organisations approach reward timing is undergoing a noticeable transformation, influenced by advancements in technology and evolving expectations of the modern workforce. As companies move away from conventional compensation models, two key trends are emerging that promise to reshape how incentives are timed and how they drive motivation. These developments build on the earlier focus on data-driven and tailored rewards, signalling a shift in how businesses engage with their employees.
Artificial Intelligence is taking personalised incentive timing to a new level by enabling dynamic reward strategies that adapt to real-time performance data. Machine learning algorithms analyse a wealth of information - ranging from an employee's performance history and engagement levels to their career stage and personal preferences. This allows organisations to determine the best timing, frequency, and type of rewards for maximum impact. Whether it’s immediate recognition for a job well done or a strategically delayed incentive, these systems adjust based on what will resonate most with each individual.
One of the standout capabilities of AI is its real-time adaptability. Reward schedules can now be fine-tuned automatically to account for shifts in market conditions, team dynamics, or even personal circumstances. This ensures that incentives remain relevant and motivating throughout an employee’s journey. Additionally, natural language processing tools add another layer of refinement by analysing feedback to continuously optimise how and when rewards are delivered.
While AI enhances the precision of financial rewards, there’s growing recognition of the impact non-monetary incentives can have on long-term motivation. These rewards, which can boost productivity by up to 44%, are becoming a critical component of modern incentive strategies. Organisations are increasingly turning to options like flexible work arrangements, wellness programmes, and professional development opportunities to address issues such as burnout and to support skill development. Research from the Mayo Clinic highlights that a healthy work-life balance reduces burnout and improves job satisfaction.
Recognition programmes are also evolving with technology. Peer-to-peer platforms now use algorithms to identify the best moments for acknowledging employees' efforts - whether it’s after a major project milestone or during a challenging period when morale might need a lift. The results are compelling: well-timed non-financial rewards can lead to a 55% increase in employee engagement, while a lack of recognition doubles the likelihood of employees considering leaving their jobs within a year.
Technology is making it easier to scale personalised non-monetary rewards. Platforms can track individual preferences and adjust reward timing for occasions like personal anniversaries, career milestones, or even seasonal events. These thoughtful gestures create stronger emotional connections between employees and their organisations, often delivering more lasting motivation than cash bonuses. By predicting when employees are most likely to appreciate recognition, these systems help deliver rewards at moments that have the greatest psychological impact, strengthening retention and overall satisfaction.
Understanding the psychology of incentive timing unlocks a powerful tool that organisations often overlook when aiming to boost performance. Throughout this guide, we've highlighted how the when of delivering compensation feedback can significantly influence how employees engage with their work and achieve their targets - often more than the what of the reward itself.
Research indicates that immediate rewards strengthen the connection between effort and outcomes, fostering higher intrinsic motivation - even when delayed rewards may be larger. Organisations that adopt real-time feedback systems and thoughtfully timed incentives consistently report improved engagement and better performance metrics across their workforce.
For sales leaders and compensation managers, the message is clear: timely, data-driven strategies are no longer a luxury - they are essential for optimising the impact of your incentive programmes. Relying solely on annual reviews or quarterly bonuses leaves much potential untapped. Leading organisations are now using analytics to customise reward timing, align incentives with key milestones, and create those critical moments that drive peak performance and sustained motivation.
To evolve your incentive system, start small: introduce immediate recognition opportunities, build real-time feedback loops, and move towards personalised timing strategies. Monitor metrics such as engagement levels, productivity rates, and performance trends after rewards to evaluate and fine-tune your approach. This ensures every reward aligns seamlessly with your team's peak performance periods.
Drawing from earlier discussions on AI-driven solutions and behavioural psychology, it's evident that motivation isn't just about the size of the reward - it hinges on delivering the right incentive at precisely the right moment. By embracing this approach, you can unlock your team's full potential and achieve outstanding results.
To keep employees motivated, organisations should strike a balance between instant rewards - like bonuses, spot recognition, or small perks - and long-term incentives such as career development opportunities, performance-based pay, and meaningful acknowledgment. This approach caters to both immediate satisfaction and ongoing engagement, ensuring employees feel appreciated and driven consistently.
When rewards are aligned with individual and team objectives and delivered at the right time, they help build a culture that encourages steady performance and dedication. A well-planned combination of tangible benefits and intrinsic motivators promotes both loyalty and sustained productivity.
Behavioural psychology plays a crucial role in crafting effective incentive timing strategies by examining how rewards influence motivation at various stages of an employee's career. For those just starting out, immediate, tangible rewards - such as bonuses or opportunities to develop new skills - can spark engagement and encourage professional growth. On the other hand, seasoned professionals often find greater motivation in recognition-based rewards that honour their expertise and acknowledge their long-term contributions.
Tailoring incentives to align with career milestones and individual psychological preferences can significantly enhance their effectiveness. For example, providing well-timed rewards during major achievements or career transitions not only boosts performance but also helps sustain motivation, fostering a workforce that is both engaged and productive.
AI empowers companies to delve into real-time data - like performance metrics and behavioural trends - to identify the ideal moments for delivering rewards. By customising recognition to match individual preferences and strategically timing it, AI ensures rewards resonate on a personal level, making them more impactful.
This targeted method boosts employee motivation, nurtures a sense of fairness, and deepens engagement. When rewards are aligned with the right timing, the outcome is twofold: heightened productivity and improved retention, as employees feel genuinely valued and appreciated.
Your data is in safe hands. Check out our Privacy policy for more info